Tag: linux

Recently I was setting up my Mac OS X with a kick ass development environment and jotted down all the cool steps I took to build an Ubuntu LAMP web server in a virtual machine environment. Here is this in-depth guide translated from paper to this digital copy. Hope you find this guide valuable and it saves you time when you need to do the same.

Ubuntu Server

The flavor of Linux I like to use as a Web Server is Ubuntu.

What is Ubuntu

Ubuntu , is a secure, intuitive operating system that powers desktops, servers, netbooks and laptops. It is based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Ubuntu is also named after the Southern African ethical ideology Ubuntu (“humanity towards others”) and is distributed as free and open source software with additional proprietary software available.

Why Ubuntu

1. Reduce costs – free to use with no licensing fees.
2. Visualization – it runs beautifully & fast in any VM environment (esp. Mac OS X)
3. Build-in security – tight security, inbuilt firewall and encryption.
4. It based on a Debian Distribution. A computer operating system composed of software packages released as free and open source software especially under the GNU General Public License and other free software licenses. Debian distributions are slower to release but this means they are extremely thorough.
5. A lot of the big boys use Ubuntu. See case studies here: http://www.ubuntu.com/business/case-studies

Step by Step – your 1st web server

This guide assumes you have already installed Ubuntu Server. If not, go here and do it first. I recommend you install Ubuntu Server in a VM. I use VMware Fusion to run my instances when developing and Amazon EC2 for production. This guarantees that whatever I do locally in a VM will be compatible when pushed into production.

Goal:

• Install LAMP – Linux (already done), Apache (web server), MySQL (mysql) and PHP (code compiler).
• Install Webmin – a web-based interface for system administration for Unix.
• Allow WWW for sFTP so you can remotely manage your website using a GUI.
• Setup access to MySQL using MySQL Workbench.

1. Install LAMP

• SSH into your box as root on Port 22 (default post install).
• Update your OS software (just in case you are missing some dependencies):

  sudo apt-get update

• From the terminal window, install LAMP using this 1 line of code (the caret (^) must be included):

  sudo apt-get install lamp-server^

• The apt package manager will display what it is installing and ask you a bunch of standard questions. Just say yes to all. You will also be asked for a password for your new MySQL database. Type that in and note this down for future.
• When this finishes you are done. Easy hey! Port 80 (default web server port) is now enabled and pointing to ‘/var/www’. ‘/var/www’ is where your site(s) should be placed.
• Hit the Public DNS URL of your server (typically your IP) to verify that it’s up. It should show up a page with “It works!” If you are not sure what your box’s IP is, type this in and hit enter (similar to ipconfig on a Windows box).

  ip route

• Before moving to the next step, you may want to know information about PHP’s configuration inc. installed extensions. You can grab this by creating a PHP file from your terminal window like this:

   sudo nano /var/www/phpinfo.php

  then adding this into it, save it, and quit nano (the editor your in):

  <?php phpinfo(); ?>

  restart Apache:

  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

  Hit the IP in your browser again with this new file name appended to the end eg. http://170.10.105.110/phpinfo.php – it should show you what is running.

2. Install Webmin

• Edit “/etc/apt/sources.list” to add 2 new source:

  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

• … add these 2 new lines to the end, save and exit:

  deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
  deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib

• Now you can run this in your terminal window to install Webmin.

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install webmin

• Webmin should now be accessible from your browser using the server’s ip address followed by port 10,000 eg. https://170.10.105.110:10000
  Note that you do not have HTTPS cert so your browser will throw a warning since https is (and has to be) the protocol. Ignore it and move forward.
• If you cannot login with your sudo account you may need to enable root. Follow the steps outlined here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WebminWithoutARootAccount
• Or you can change the password of the root user in your terminal window. Then restart webmin.

  sudo /usr/share/webmin/changepass.pl /etc/webmin/ root foo
  sudo /etc/init.d/webmin restart
  

• If you need to restart webmin run this:

  sudo /etc/init.d/webmin restart

3. Allow WWW for sFTP

• You need to make sure the group www-data is added to “/var/www”. Run this in your terminal window:

  sudo chgrp www-data /var/www

• Make “/var/www” writable for the group.

  sudo chmod 775 /var/www

• Set the GID for www-data for all sub-folders.

  sudo chmod g+s /var/www

• Your directory should look like this on an ‘ls -l’ output.

  drwxrwsr-x    root www-data

• Last, add your user name to the www-data group (secondary group) where USERNAME is the “new” username you will use to sFTP. Note that we follow it by “passwd” to give new account a password.

  sudo useradd -G www-data NEW_USERNAME
  sudo passwd NEW_USER

  OR if the username is “existing” one use the command below. Also don’t forget to add “ubuntu” user if you have set this up on an EC2:

  sudo usermod -a -G www-data EXISTING_USERNAME

• You should now be able to SFTP to your server using this USERNAME and upload data to “/var/www” with no problems.

4. Access to MySQL using MySQL Workbench

• MySQL Workbench is a nice free GUI tool by the folks at mysql.com to manage your MySQL database. It can be downloaded from here: http://wb.mysql.com/
• By default MySQL listens on localhost (127.0.0.1) so if you are going to manage your Ubuntu VM instance from say OS X, MySQL wont allow you entry. Here’s what to do to grant remote management of MySQL.
  1. Go to Webmin and login.
  2. In Webmin, navigate here: Servers > MySQL Database Server > MySQL Server Configuration
  3. Change “MySQL server listening address” to “Any”. By default it is 127.0.0.1. Save this.
  4. Now navigate here: Servers > MySQL Database Server > User Permissions
  5. Click on User “root” on the line where it says 127.0.0.1. And under Hosts change it to “Any”. This set the permissions on your db access.
  6. Save & Restart MySQL and you are done.
• Remember that this is for “development” purposes only. You would not be allowing “Any” to your DB rather a specific static address and username.

5. Bonus – running multiple web applications on the LAMP instance

To save on time, money and managing multiple boxes, you may want to run multiple websites from this same box. I like to do this using ports as the separator. The following can be done in Webmin:

1. Upload code to /var/www/mynewsite/
2. Create a Virtual host for your new web application by navigating to:
   Servers > Apache Webserver > Create virtual host
3. Fill out the form pointing ‘Document Root’ to the location of your code and assign a ‘Port’ number eg. 81, to this new host. Remember port 80 is your default.
4. Save and click on ‘Apply Settings’ (link top right of the Webmin interface).
5. Finally you need to tell Apache to listen to this new port. Navigate here:
   Servers > Apache Webserver > Global configuration > Networking and Addresses
6. Add port 81 (where your new host is configured on) to ‘Listen on addresses and ports’.
7. Save, apply changes and restart Apache.
8. Done. You can now access your website via http://IP_DNS:81

Now go and build kick ass products!

There you have it folks. How simple is that. That’s why I love Ubuntu so much. It’s simple and powerful all under the 1 umbrella. That’s how software should be. All the complexities removed so us engineers can get to work and build kick ass products!

If you found this post useful let me know in comments section below. Super!!

~ Ernest